Conflict of Interest Policy

A conflict of interest occurs when personal, financial, or professional relationships could influence or appear to influence the research process or publication decision.

The journal requires full disclosure of any potential conflicts of interest from authors, reviewers, and editors.

Authors

Authors must disclose any financial support, affiliations, or relationships that could influence the interpretation of their research results.

Examples include:

• Research funding from organizations
• Employment or consultancy relationships
• Financial interests in related companies
• Patent ownership related to the research

Reviewers

Reviewers must decline the review invitation if:

• They have collaborated with the authors recently
• They have a financial or personal relationship with the authors
• They believe they cannot provide an objective evaluation

Editors

Editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts where conflicts of interest exist.

All disclosures will be handled with transparency while maintaining confidentiality.